References
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: Healthcare cost and utilization project (HCUP). HCUPnet. 2012.
- Stanford Health Care. Risk factors for hip fracture. 2019.
- Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C. Predicting risk of osteoporotic fracture in men and women in England and Wales: Prospective derivation and validation of QFractureScores. BMJ. 2009 Nov 19;339:b4229.
- Rubin KH, Moller S, Holmberg T, et al. A new fracture risk assessment tool (FREM) based on public health registries. J Bone Miner Res. 2018 Nov;33(11):1967–1979.
- University of Sheffield Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases. FRAX: Fracture risk assessment tool. 2019.
- Armato SG III, Petrick NA (eds). Proceedings of SPIE. Medical Imaging 2017: Computer-Aided Diagnosis. 2017 Mar 3;10134.
Erratum
The September article, “If It’s Broken, Fix It,” mistakenly stated: “The FRAX risk calculator requires the femoral neck bone mineral density score from a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan to calculate risk estimates. If a patient has not had a DXA scan, then this tool cannot be used.” However, the FRAX score can actually be calculated with or without the bone mineral density, corrected above. We regret the error.
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