Pull Up the Stakes
Perhaps because of their intensive involvement into Native American health projects, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) discourages the use of the term stakeholder and considers it potentially stigmatizing language.14 Instead of substituting one word for another, the CDC recommends a more nuanced approach, one that I agree with. Working partners, community collaborators and others can be named specifically as is. That dignifies who they are and characterizes their roles in much clearer language. Consultants, contributors, coalition members, advocacy groups, sponsors and funders are all terms that bring greater clarity to the issue.
Inherent in this stance is that the stakeholder is a mythical concept. We construct it based on our collective history, which is steeped in many negative facets including dispossession and intolerance. But we can undo this, too, by judicious use of language. We can demythologize stakeholder and recognize there are deeper things that need to be changed for us to have more equitable and inclusive approaches to healthcare and, in particular, rheumatology.
Rheumatology, and medicine as a whole, inherits a lot from different fields. It is, in many ways, the product of what we choose it to be. We aspire to be inclusive, equitable and diverse. Toward that end, we employ language to demonstrate this commitment. But when we adopt terminology rooted in the opposite, we end up in a situation that is not necessarily much better.
I hope I’ve convinced you to avoid using the word stakeholder as much as you can. No matter who you are, you are a key stakeholder in contributor to the world of rheumatology.
Bharat Kumar, MD, MME, FACP, FAAAAI, RhMSUS, is the associate program director of the rheumatology fellowship training program at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, and the physician editor of The Rheumatologist. Follow him on Twitter @BharatKumarMD.
References
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- Townley B. Stakeholders. In Reconfiguring Knowledge Production: Changing Authority Relationships in the Sciences and their Consequences for Intellectual Innovation. Whitley R, Gläser J, Engwall L (eds). New York: Oxford Academic Press; 1 Sep 2010; 45–69. doi:10.1057/9781137355850_2.
- What are stakeholders. American Society for Quality.
- Townley B. Conceptions of the ‘stakeholder.’ In Stakeholder Theory and Organizational Ethics. Phillips R. Oakland, Calif.: Berrett-Koehler Publishers; 2003; 45–67. doi:10.1057/9781403982292_11.
- Sharfstein JM. Banishing ‘stakeholders.’ Milbank Q. 2016 Sep;94(3):476–479.
- Smith HJ. The shareholders vs. stakeholders debate. MIT Sloan Management Review. 2003 Jul 15.
- Bowen KJ, Alexander D. The stakeholder concept in public health: Stakeholder concept analysis. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2014;129:55–64. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.05.005.
- Reed MS. Why we shouldn’t banish the word ‘stakeholder’ [blog]. Fast Track Impact. 2022 Aug 2.
- Indigenous Corporate Training Inc. Nine terms to avoid in communications with Indigenous peoples. 2018 May 11.
- McGlinchey C. Stakeholders and its conflicting meanings: A problem for cultural heritage studies? [blog] Medium. 2022 Jul 6.
- Reed MS. Alternatives to the word ‘stakeholder’ [blog]. Fast Track Impact. 2022 Nov 22.
- Williams C, Fang L. A value-focused multiple participant-multiple criteria (MPMC) decision support approach for public policy formulation. Group Decis Negot. 2019 Feb;28:99–126.
- Lye I. What are the stakeholders or interested parties? [blog] BCM Institute. 2019 Jul 15.
- Gateway to health communication. Inclusive communication principles. Preferred terms for select population groups & communities. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022 Nov 3.