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Case Illustrates the Difficulty Diagnosing Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) was first described in the British Medical Journal in 1897 by Scottish otolaryngologist Peter McBride.1 GPA is a relatively rare, systemic necrotizing vasculitis that can make diagnosis challenging. The incidence has been estimated anywhere between two and 12 cases per million.2 GPA mainly affects adults between the ages of 45 and…
Case Report: A Patient on Apremilast Develops Streptococcus Salivarius
Apremilast was first marketed in March 2014 for the treatment of adults with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). An immunomodulating drug, which is a small molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) specific for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), apremilast is administered orally. By inhibiting PDE4, intracellular cAMP levels are increased. Although the exact mechanism of action is not…
Rheumatology’s Architect
Help the REF lay foundations for our future
The Granulomatosis of Wegener’s
Delving deeper into the nonvasculitis aspects of the disease