Last, he reminded us to consider holistic approaches to pain, fatigue and mental health. “The management is way beyond pharmacology. There are guidelines from the ACR and EULAR to this effect. There is real biology at work here,” Dr. McInnes noted.11,12
Preventing RA
As for the prevention of RA, Dr. McInnes briefly touched on three recent studies—APIPPRA, ARIAA and PRAIRI—that evaluated whether certain biologics could help prevent the development of full-blown RA in patients with pre-RA. APIPPRA and ARIAA showed that abatacept might show promise.13,14 PRAIRI showed no benefit to single-dose rituximab at two years.15
In Sum
RA is complex, and the best care of the patient involves more than just controlling inflammatory arthritis and/or systemic manifestations of RA.
“Divide your patient into tissue states: immune state, brain state, bone state and cardiometabolic state,” Dr. McInnes counseled. When we think about the patient this way, we can truly provide whole-patient care.
Samantha C. Shapiro, MD, is a clinician educator who is passionate about the care and education of rheumatology patients. She writes for both medical and lay audiences and practices telerheumatology.
References
- Østergaard M, van Vollenhoven RF, Rudin A, et al. Certolizumab pegol, abatacept, tocilizumab or active conventional treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis: 48-week clinical and radiographic results of the investigator-initiated randomised controlled NORD-STAR trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023 Oct;82(10):1286–1295.
- van de Laar CJ, Oude Voshaar MAH, Ten Klooster P, et al. PERFECTRA: a pragmatic, multicentre, real-life study comparing treat-to-target strategies with baricitinib versus TNF inhibitors in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis after failure on csDMARDs. RMD Open. 2024 May 30;10(2):e004291.
- Szekanecz Z, Buch MH, Charles-Schoeman C, et al. Efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: Update for the practising clinician. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2024 Feb;20(2):101–115.
- Tamai H, Ikeda K, Miyamoto T, et al. Reduced versus maximum tolerated methotrexate dose concomitant with adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (MIRACLE): A randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Rheumatol. 2023 Apr;5(4):e215–e224.
- Kjørholt KE, Paulshus Sundlisæter N, Aga AB, et al. Effects of tapering conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs to drug-free remission versus stable treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (ARCTIC REWIND): 3-year results from an open-label, randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Rheumatol. 2024 May;6(5):e268–e278.
- Lillegraven S, Paulshus Sundlisæter N, Aga AB, et al. Effect of tapered versus stable treatment with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors on disease flares in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in remission: A randomised, open label, non-inferiority trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023 Nov;82(11):1394–1403.
- Kedra J, Dieudé P, Giboin C, et al. Towards the lowest efficacious dose: Results from a multicenter noninferiority randomized open-label controlled trial assessing tocilizumab or abatacept injection spacing in rheumatoid arthritis in remission. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2024 Apr;76(4):541–552.
- England BR. The multimorbidity web in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2023 Oct 23;62(SI3):SI242–SI251.
- Ferguson LD, Sattar N, McInnes IB. Managing cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatic disease. Med Clin North Am. 2021 Mar;105(2):247–262.
- Sattar N, McMurray JJV, McInnes IB, et al. Treating chronic diseases without tackling excess adiposity promotes multimorbidity. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023 Jan;11(1):58–62.
- Dures E, Farisoğulları B, Santos EJF, et al. 2023 EULAR recommendations for the management of fatigue in people with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2024 Sep 30;83(10):1260–1267.
- England BR, Smith BJ, Baker NA, et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology guideline for exercise, rehabilitation, diet, and additional integrative interventions for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2023 Aug;75(8):1603–1615.
- Rech J, Tascilar K, Hagen M, et al. Abatacept inhibits inflammation and onset of rheumatoid arthritis in individuals at high risk (ARIAA): A randomised, international, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2024 Mar 2;403(10429):850–859.
- Cope AP, Jasenecova M, Vasconcelos JC, et al. Abatacept in individuals at high risk of rheumatoid arthritis (APIPPRA): A randomised, double-blind, multicentre, parallel, placebo-controlled, phase 2b clinical trial. Lancet. 2024 Mar 2;403(10429):838–849.
- Frazzei G, Cramer SHM, Landewé RBM, et al. The effect of rituximab on patient reported outcomes in the preclinical phase of rheumatoid arthritis: 2 year data from the PRAIRI study. RMD Open. 2024 Oct 18;10(4):e004622.