A 76-year-old Caucasian male with a history of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair five years earlier presented with three months duration of worsening periumbilical abdominal pain associated with nausea, non-bloody emesis, decreased appetite, fatigue and a 40 lb. weight loss. He denied having fever, chills, night sweats, temporal headaches, vision loss, chest pain, shortness of breath and…
Ipilimumab (Yervoy) is a monoclonal antibody directed against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4). It was the first drug to demonstrate a survival benefit in advanced melanoma and was approved by the FDA in 2011.1 By blocking the CTLA-4 receptor, ipilimumab enhances the immune response against tumors via cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation and proliferation.2 However, immunopotentiating…