Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a small vessel vasculitis associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (C-ANCA), specifically proteinase 3 (PR3) ANCA. GPA classically presents with multi-organ involvement. The first description of GPA defined a triad of features: 1) systemic necrotizing angiitis, 2) necrotizing inflammation of the respiratory tract and 3) necrotizing glomerulonephritis.1 Few cases of digital…
A Primer on the Management of Scleroderma Emergencies
Patient with autoimmune disease may experience medical emergencies. Here is an overview of recognition and management of three emergent situations for patients with scleroderma: critical digital ischemia, scleroderma renal crisis and intestinal pseudo-obstruction…