In 2022, an international group of researchers reported the seminal finding that a gain-of-function variant of a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) sensor, known as toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), can cause human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).1 The paper in Nature showed that a newly described variant of TLR7, identified in a child with severe lupus, was…
Toll-like receptors play an important role in host defense. TLR-7 recognizes viral ssRNA, but also plays a role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Genetic ablation of a similar receptor, TLR-9, results in opposite effects, with severe disease and kidney involvement. The mechanism of how this works remains unknown. Anna-Marie Fairhurst, PhD, from…
A study in mice suggests that targeting peptidyl arginine deiminases in lupus patients may have a therapeutic role in T cell-mediated diseases, affecting innate and adaptive immunity, as well as modulating dysregulated toll-like receptor 7-dependent immune responses…